Educational Psychology- Important notes

 

Educational Psychology

 Education psychology is necessary -  for education  and  parents  

 The main relation of educational psychology is with learning . This statement is -  Sorey  and  Telford 

 

In which book was the foundation of psychology laid  - Principles of Psychology  

 

The author of 'Principal of Psychology' published in America is -  William  James

 

The present form of education psychology is –  Comprehensive

 

According to Gaurison the aim of education psychology is –  knowledge of behavior  

 

According to Kuppuswami, the principles of educational psychology are best used -  in good  education  and best  learning  .

 

The main aim of educational psychology according to Kolesnik is  to solve the problems of education .     

 

The objectives of educational psychology according to Kelly are –  Nine

 

According to Skinner the general objectives of educational psychology are –  child  development

 

According to Skinner , the specific objectives of education psychology are –  to help determine the level and objectives of education according to the desirable behavior of children  .              

 

The field of educational psychology includes all those knowledge and methods which are helpful in understanding better than the process of learning. This statement is –  Lee  's

 

According to Gates, education is the limit of psychology –  unstable  and  changing

 

“On the basis of the particular stage, we should call someone a child, young or old.” This is the statement –  ​​Froebel 

 

Education should be the basis of principles according to Herbert -  Psychologist

 

According to Montessori, teaching work can be done effectively by a teacher only if he has knowledge  of –  Experimental nature of psychology  .   

 

There is a need of education psychology in the present time  –  child  centered  education

 

In the present time the need of education psychology is understood  –  in all round  development 

 

The main advantage of education psychology is  - teacher  -  student  relationship 

 

To recognize the students in the classroom on the basis of their differences, the teacher must have the knowledge  –  of educational  psychology 

 

Why are the periods of maths, science or difficult subjects kept first in the time table  -  on the basis of psychology  

 

For successful and effective education-learning process, it is necessary -  use of teaching -  learning  material  and  use of principles  of educational  psychology .    

 

Which subject is used more in guidance and counseling  -  Education  psychology 

 

Contribution to curriculum development on the basis of students' ability and  interest -  Education  Psychology 

 

IQ test subject is  -  of education  psychology 

 

Through the knowledge of teacher psychology, children  's  intelligence  and  interests  The teacher teaches by knowing about of the children through the knowledge  of  ,  teaches by  knowing the nature and teaches by taking information about the economic condition and family situation .                   

 

There is contribution of psychology in the field of education –  now  education should be  child  centered  .   has  ,  the teacher  tries to establish close contact with the children  and the teacher can have knowledge of the needs of  the students .                  

 

Educational psychology is a science  –  of educational  principles 

 

Education is considered to be the origin of psychology  -  year  1900

 

In parallel with the word 'psychology', the English language word 'psychology' is derived from which language  -  from the Greek  language 

 

Education psychology   is  related to education ,  philosophy and psychology     

 

The literal meaning of  education   is  to nurture , bring forth  and lead .    

 

“Psychology is the science of the activities of persons exposed to the environment.” This is the  statement –  ​​Woodworth 

 

“Psychology is the basic science of education  ”  says Skinner 

 

How is the subject-content related to education psychology  -  learning

 

The children whose behavior is studied in educational psychology  are retarded ,  backward and  problematic .   

 

Educational psychology studies within the process of learning  –  the study of the effect of motivation  and  reinforcement   

 

"Psychology is the science of the mind." This is the  statement -  Aristotle 

 

“Educational psychology is the cornerstone of teacher preparation. This statement is given  by  Skinner  .

 

To manage the data, the following work has to be done in relation to the collected data  –  classification  ,  tabulation ,  graphical  representation .

 

Psychology helps in the field of education and tells whether  the aims of  education  are possible or not .     

 

The teacher should study education psychology so that with  the help of  it he can make his teaching more effective .        

 

“Psychology is the pure science of behavior” –  E.  Watson is the exponent of this definition.

 

The unconscious mind is studied –  by psychoanalytic  methods 

 

The father of the psychoanalytic system is  –  Singmund  Fried

 

Psychology is in the present time –  the science of behavior  

 

Education is not a subject area of ​​psychology  –  Educational  assessment

 

'Education is obtained at a certain place.' In what sense is this statement used  -  narrow meaning of education   

 

'Psyche '  means  human  soul  or  mind

 

Psychology was called the science of behavior -  Watson 

 

"Psychology is the scientific study of the mind, which includes not only intellectual, but also emotional feelings, stimulating forces and actions or behavior." This is the statement  - C.  W.  Valentine 

 

Psychology  -  is the science of the soul  ,  is the science  of  the mind  ,  is  the  science  of consciousness   

 

The factor that affects the human mind is the  person  's  interests  ,  aptitudes,  aptitudes  , environment  . 

 

The pure science of psychology is the mind  -  James  Drever 

 

Educational  psychology -  a part of psychology    

 

In relation to the nature of education psychology, it can be said that  it is universal ,  but it is also universal .     

 

under  psychology  Under human is  studied  _  _  

 

The purpose of the study of educational psychology is  –  by the students    is  to influence the  learning of .    

 

Psychology helps in the field of education and clarifies  –  possibility of aim of education    

 

The teacher does not have a direct need for the study of educational psychology  -  physical  fitness

 

Manoya is concerned with the study of animal behavior, while the field of education psychology is  the study of  human behavior  ,  educational situations  .       , human  behavior  in . 

 

The parts of the  teaching  process are  the  objectives of teaching  ,  knowledge experiences that make teaching  meaningful  ,  evaluation of teaching     

 

The basic objective of education psychology is  – keeping  in mind the abilities and abilities of the students ,  by learning something by them .                 is the , it  them .   

 

Education is related  to the purpose of  education  and     class  environment  and  environment  .

 

The field of education psychology is  –  broad

 

The general purpose of education psychology is  -  development of the personality of the child   ,  in the teaching work .       assistance  and improvement in teaching  methods .  

 

“On the basis of the experiences of a particular person, we should call someone a child, young and old.” This is the statement  –  ​​Froebel 

 

The main objective of education psychology is  -  child  centered 

Principles and Factors of Human Growth and Development

Forms of Development

Development is a process and it has some specific characteristics : 

1. Structural Change- Growth concerns with the changes in height, weight, form of the body. It can be observed and measured.

2. Changes in Proportion- The child is the miniature of the adult. There is proportionate changes or growth in structure of an adult. The proportion is also noted mental, and emotional development.

3. Changes in Old Features- Some changes are observed in old features of an individual. These changes are caused by thymus and pinial glands.

4. Acquisition of New Features- The old features gradually vanish and new features and acquired. There is change in teeth and growth in sexual organs. Maturation is the stage that an individual is ready to function.

5. Predictability of Development- The rate and speed of development provide the basis for the prediction of development.

 6. Definite Pattern of Development- What-so-ever the form of development but it has definite pattern. It is the law of nature.

7. Development has Specific Characteristics- Each stage of development has some traits or specific characteristics. The most effective traits of each stage emerge in process of development. Every individual has to go through these stages. The behaviour which appears unique behaviour during the process of development, are normal.

Principles/Patterns or Characteristics of Growth and Development

Studies in genetics have shown that behavioural development follows a pattern even though there is individual difference among children. The various principles of development are given below:

1. Principle of uniform developmental pattern:

Development occurs in orderly manner and follows a certain sequence and a regular step by step process. All the developmental direction and sequences are almost the same for all children, but each child follows his own time schedule of growth. For example the baby creeps before he crawls and crawls before he walks.

2. Principle of continuous:

Human beings are constantly changing. One is not the same today as one was yesterday and one will be different from what one is now. Thus the process of growth and development continues from birth to death in some or other form and a never-ending process. 

3. Principle of lack of uniformity in the developmental rate:

Although the human developmental sequence is uniform and continuous, it does not exhibit uniformity in the developmental periods and stages of life. It is this variation in individual development that makes it impossible to predict how an individual will react to a particular stimulus.

4. Principle of developmental speed variation:

It is observed that growth and development becomes very rapid in infancy and early adolescence and latter the speed decreases.

5. Principle of cephalocaudal and proximodstal sequence:

The growth and development has got its own direction. It follows cephalocaudal sequence, which means that the human beings grow from head downwards that is in the direction of the longitudinal axis (head to foot) or head is developed in the embroynic stage than the development of body and legs occur. It is also known as principle from the head-tailward. 

6. Principle of proceeding from general to specific:

This is true of all phases of development. The new born baby moves his body as a whole and slowly he learns to control his full hand and later he tries to control on the movement of his hand fingers.

7. Principle of integration/ total development:

Development involves a movement from the whole to parts and from the parts to the whole in the areas of both physical and psychological aspects and are interrelated and interdependent.

8. Principle of orderly and proceeds by stages:

Human development follows a known sequence. Each child stands before he walks and babbles before he talks. Physical development occurs in a head to foot direction and proceeds from the central parts to more distant ones. Thus each stage has certain unique characteristics and behavioural patterns. 

9. Principle of Individual difference:

Every organism is a distinct creation in itself. Therefore the development which it undergoes in terms of the rate and outcome in various dimensions is quite unique and specific and varies from child to child.

10. Principle of cumulative:

In the course of development, a single experience matters a lot and it does not go unnoticed and unaccounted because it has been found out that subsequent behavior is the result of previous experiences. The day a child utters his first word, the appearance of his first tooth, his first shave, etc., are turning point in life. Thus the development pattern represent  sequential advancement rather than series of mere editions and did not reach abruptly.

Factors Influencing Growth and Development

 Growth is natural and automatic process but development is planned and deliberate efforts to bring desirable changes among children. Development process depends on heredity and environmental factors. Thus, it is influenced by these factors

(i) Heredity factors are intelligence, sex, race, secretion of glands, height, weight, structural features. 

(ii) Environmental factors are nutrition, fresh air and light, open environment, family status, culture, diseases and injuries. 

1. Intelligence- The most important aspect of development refers to mental development. it depends on the intelligence of child. All other type of development are also influences by the intelligence. An intelligent child acquires new behaviours of a child reflect his level of intelligence.

2. Sex- There is difference between boys and girls with regard to their growth and development. The body constitution and structural growth of girls are different from boys. The functions of boys and girls are also of different nature.

3. Secretion of Glands- The para-thyride glands make the body more sensitive and more emotional. The thymus glands influence the mental and chest development. It brings an early maturity children. among

4. Races- The racial factor has great influence on height, weight, colour feature and body constitution, A child of white will be white, tall and smart. Even hairs and eyes colour are governed by the concerning race. race

5. Nutrition- Growth and development of a child mainly depends on his food nutrition. The mal-nutrition has adverse effect on their structural and smart. Even hairs and eyes colour are governed by the concerning race.

6. Family Status- Nutrition and family status have similar influence. The poor family can not provide balance diet to their children. It will effect adversely.

7. Social and Cultural Factors- The behaviour and functional aspect is greatly influenced by social and cultural environment in which a child lives. They acquire values, feelings and attitudes.

8. Disease and Injuries- The mental injuries and other type of long disease have adverse effect on the development of children.

Meaning of Human Growth and Development, Nature, Characteristics and Difference

           GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Introduction :

The education of a child starts since his birth, though in an informal manner. A person to some extent shapes the pattern of his life by the choices and decisions he makes at successive stages. A teacher's main concern in the classroom is the development of the child but he cannot fully understand such basic processes as perception, motivation and emotion, etc.. without knowing something about their development. If a teacher is interested to educate the child in a balanced and integrated manner then he is to understand the child fully and understand the characteristics of a child at various age levels. Therefore, it is essential for the teacher to study the growth and development of different periods of life.

Meaning and Definition of Human Growth 

Growth refers to quantitative changes in physical development, i.e., increase in size, height and weight. We speak of the growth of heart, nerves, muscles and body in general. Thus growth is observable and can be measured. 

Crow and Crow suggest that, "Growth refers to structural and physiological changes." 

Frank said, "Growth as the multiplication of cells, i.e., growth in height and weight or it may be changes in the particular aspects of the body or it means increase and enlargement of the body or some part of the body."

Characteristics of Growth 

Arnold Gessell has enumerated the following features of Growth in his definition :

1. It is a function of the organism.

2. The environment helps in its manifestation.

3. It is intrinsic physiological development.

4. It has limited and regulatory mechanism.

 5. It is an intricate and sensitive process.

6. It maintains the balance of the total pattern and direction.

Meaning and Definition of Human Development 

⇒ The term Development refers to change in structure, form shape and improvement in functioning. When qualitative changes occur in behavioural characteristics of the child is called development.

According to Peary, "Development means the whole sequence of life from conception to death." 

Frank said, "That development may imply the change in organism as a whole."

Hurlock said, "It is progressive series of changes in an orderly coherent pattern. The changes are directional leading forward rather than backward and results in new characteristics and new abilities on the part of the individual." 

Thus development is progressive, orderly and coherent means that there is a definite relationship between each stage in an sequential manner and is a continuous process. Development is more comprehensive which includes physical, social, intellectual, emotional and moral aspects of an individual.

Main Characteristics of Development :

Development has the following main characteristics :

 1. It is an interaction between person and his environment.

2. It is confined to qualitative changes in form and functions of the organism.

3. It involves a progressive series of changes leading forward not backward.

4. It refers to acquisitions of new features at physical, social, emotional and intellectual and daily living.

5. It is the emerging and expanding capacities of the individual.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 

⇒ Growth

1. Growth may be limited to the changes in the quantitative aspects. i.e., increase in size, length, height, weight and expansion of vocabulary, etc.

2. Growth is used in a narrower sense such as increase in size, weight, etc.

3. Growth is physical and external in nature.

4. Growth stops after sometime. Maturity is the end point of growth.

5. Growth is measureable because the quantitative changes are very specific and it can be directly measured.

6. Growth is always systematic and follows a definite pattern It is very rapid in infancy and later on it becomes slow and becomes rapid during the period of early adolescence.

⇒  Development

1. Development implies the overall changes occurring in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. It is the changes in structure. form or shape and improvement in functioning and behaviour as a whole.

2. Development is a wider and comprehensive term, related to all types of changes both physical and psychological. 

3. Development is internal and can be physical, social, emotional and intellectual, etc.

4. Development is continuous. Starting right from conception it does not end with the attainment of maturity but continues throughout the entire life span of an individual.

5. Development is observable because the results of development are quite complex and difficult as far as their actual assessment and measurement is concerned.

6. Development is always from general to specific.

      Stages of Human Development

Human Development is a continuous process. All Development takes place in different forms during different stages of age. Different scholars have classified different stages of human development in different forms. Human development is divided into these seven stages in India. These seven stages are -

1. Pregnancy                                            一                           conception to birth

2. Infancy                                                  一                           birth to 5 years

3. Childhood                                             一                            5 to 12 years

4. Adolescence                                         一                            12 to 18 years

5. Youth                                                      一                            18 to 25 years

6. Adulthood                                              一                           25 years to 55 years

7. Old age                                                    一                          55 years to till death

The western psychologist, Kolesnik has divided the stages of human development into eight classes :

1. Prenatal Period                                   一                             Conception to birth

2. Neonatal Period                                 一                              birth to 3-4 weeks

3. Early Infancy                                      一                              1 month to 15 months

4. Late Infancy                                        一                              15 to 30 months

5. Early Childhood                                  一                              2.5 to 5 years

6. Middle Childhood                               一                              5 to 9 years

7. Late Childhood                                    一                              9 to 12 years

8. Adolescence                                         一                              12 to 21 years

 Ross has divided the process of human development into only four stages :

1. Infancy                                                     一                            1 year to 3 years

2. Early Childhood                                     一                            3 to 6 years

3. Late Childhood                                       一                            6 to 12 years

4. Adolescence                                            一                           12 to 18 years

 Selley favours to study human development only under three stages:

1. Infancy                                                      一                            1 year to 5 years

2. Childhood                                                 一                            5 to 12 years

3. Adolescence                                             一                            12 to 18 years

Ernest Jones has divided the stages of human development into the following four stages. Presently most of the scholars study human development under these four stages :

1. Infancy                                                        一                            birth to 6 years

2. Childhood                                                   一                           6 to 12 years

3. Adolescence                                               一                           12 to 18 years 

4. Adulthood                                                   一                           18 years to till death

General Characteristics of Development :

The variation or individual difference is universal in nature and is known as the principle of variability of inheritance. There are two principles, one is of resemblance and another is of variability. The development process is governed by both the principles. It has the following main characteristics:

1. It is a product of the interaction between person and the environment.

2. It is a continuous and life-long process. 

3. It is individual process but takes place in a group.

4. Different aspects of development are inter-related.

5. It proceeds from general to the specific.

6. It is cumulative and positive process.

7. It is bilateral to unilateral trend.

8. It follows an orderly sequence.

9. It has a uniform pattern.

10. It is an integrated process, and

11. It has the variation of differentiation.

PSYCHOLOGY & EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

      EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

Introduction 

We are living in a age of science and technology and according society has become bit complex. Life in the coming decades is likely to bring new tensions together with unprecedented opportunities. To enable the people to benefit in the new environment will require new designs of human resource development. Thus the coming generations should have the ability to internalise new ideas constantly and creatively and have to be imbued with a strong commitment to human values and to social justice. All this can be possible only  through good quality education.

To achieve the above goal and to meet the situation in a gigantic way the teacher has to play a very vital role in the educational institutions and come into the limelight. He is really the backbone of the educational system, the maker of the mankind, the fountainhead of knowledge, the architect of the society and the potential guide to provide directive for the growth and development of students of today as the worthy citizens of tomorrow. He is the real principal agency who is ultimately to implement and interpret the plan and policies at  various levels through teaching- learning processes. It has also been remarked by the Kothari commission (1964-66) that " the destiny of the country is being shaped in her classrooms". Therefore, in order to be a good mediator, the teacher has to understand a great deal about the way in which people at various ages and stages of development perceive the world around them. To meet the ' new' challenges boldly and to play his/her role meaningfully.

Under the above circumstances " Educational Psychology is a subject of study to give the perspective  teacher with the necessary skills and form competencies to enable him to deal effectively with the teaching- learning problems of the class.

What is Education

Education is communication which changes someone's inside  world so that they can change the world around them.  Education is the most powerful weapon which can use to change the world.

Meaning and  Historical  Background of  Psychology 

The word psychology is derived from Greek word Psycho and Logos.  'Psycho' means "Soul" and 'Logos' means "Science". The science of soul. 

  It is scientific because it is systematic study of observable events/behaviour and behaviour in unlearned process where it include reflexes,  Physiological process and instinct and it is learned behaviour also because all behaviour acquire through practice.  It can be overt and covert.

    Today Psychology is scientific method of collecting data about individual and groups to analyze and predict their behaviour. 

Introduction of Educational Psychology

Educational Psychology is nothing but one of the branch of applied psychology. It is an attempt to apply the knowledge of psychology to the field of education. In other words, Educational Psychology is the study of experience and behaviour of the learner in relation to educational environment.

 Educational psychology is concerned with the problems, processes and products of education, which is natural and heterogeneous. 

It is the application of psychological principles, techniques and other resources of psychology in the field of education for the solution of educational problems life teaching, learning and class management, etc. When a person apply the knowledge of psychology in the field of education, study the human behaviour in relation to his environment and concern for the total growth and all rounduppyment of children in a scientific way is called Educational Psychology.

Definitions :

Skinner (1958) :– " Educational psychology is that branch of Psychology which deals with teaching and learning. It means psychology is applied in the field of education for improving the methods and products of the teaching- learning process".

Crow and  Crow (1973) :– " Educational psychology describes and explains the learning experiences of an individual form birth through old age".

Peel  :– " Educational psychology is the science of education".

Anderson  :– " Educational psychology is a subject to be studied, an area or field of knowledge, a set of applications of law and principles from a field of knowledge to as social process Assets and techniques and a field of research for the development of an individual in an educational setting".

  Thus, Educational psychology is the application of the findings and theories of psychology in the field of education, a systematic story of educational growth and independent applied discipline that deals with the improvement in teaching a learning activity.  In fact, it seeks to know the child's mind and how best the child can be motivated to learn in a desirable manner in the society. It is the empirical foundation of education and provides practical solution to educational problems with the help of sweet relation between the teacher and the  taught. 

Education and educational psychology

Education by all means is an attempt to more and shape the behaviour of students 

Nature of Educational Psychology

The following are the nature of Educational Psychology:

Educational Psychology is scientific in nature. In Science selection of data, observation of facts and verification of any phenomena are possible by any number of persons at any period of life. Similarly, Educational Psychology has also developed certain principles to collect data from human beings and predict his/her behaviour in a scientific manner.

Educational Psychology is concerned with the study of behaviour of the learner in relation to his educational environment. Educational Psychology is constantly in search of the truth in the sense that the results of the study of human behaviour can be modified as per the latest findings in the field.

Educational Psychology is a social science in the sense that it is like other Social Sciences to study the human beings and their Sociability. 

Educational Psychology is concerned with 'what' and 'why' of happening in the present rather than the past. It studies the problems of present behaviour of the learners and their causes rather than anything else.

Educational psychology is a positive science rather than a normative science. It is not concerned with 'what ought to be' (why and what type of education to child, etc.), rather emphasises is how, when and where of education.

Educational psychology is an applied Psychology in the sense that it applies psychological principles in the field of education which are of specific significance of learning and teaching. It does not accept blindly the facts and principles of General Psychology.

Educational Psychology is a narrower in nature because it is with delimitations.  Here the study of the behaviour is concerned in educational setting.

Educational Psychology is a developing or growing science in the sense that the research findings provide reliable data and inside into the child's nature and we use for predictions of the behaviour of a child in similar situations.  Though it is not so perfect and developed as science like physics, chemistry and biology and absolute in nature, yet is follows the footprint of scientific investigation and considered as scientific.

     Scope of Educational Psychology 

The scope of educational psychology means the topic covered or the subject matters are included under the boundary of purview of the concerned paper.  A course in educational psychology must seek to enrich knowledge and develop  competence  in the the following areas :

The Learner –   The subject matter of educational psychology is knitted around the learner.  Therefore, the need of knowing the learner and the techniques of knowing him well. The topics include – the innate abilities and capacities of the individuals,  individual differences and their measurements, the overt, covert, conscious as well as unconscious behaviour of the learner, the characteristics of his growth and development and each stage beginning from childhood to adulthood.

The  Learning  Experiences – Educational psychology helps in deciding what learning experiences are desirable,  at what stage of the growth and development of the learner, so that these experiences is can be acquired with a greater ease and satisfaction.

Learning  Process –   After knowing the learner and deciding what learning experiences are to be provided,  Educational Psychology moves on to the laws, principles and theories of learning. Other items in the learning process are remembering and forgetting, perceiving, concept formation, thinking and reasoning, problem solving, transfer of learning, ways and means of effective learning etc. 

Learning  Situation  or Environment –  Here we deal with the environmental factors and learning situations which come midway between the learner and the teacher. Topics like classroom climate and group dynamics, techniques and aids, that faciliate learning and evaluation,  techniques and practices, guidance and counselling etc. For the smooth functioning of the teaching- learning process.

The  Teacher – The teacher is a potent force in any scheme of teaching and learning process. It discusses the role of the teacher. It emphasizes the need of 'knowing thyself 'for a teacher to play his role properly in the process of education. His conflicts, motivation, anxiety, adjustment, level of aspiration etc. It throws light on the essential personality traits, interests, attitudes, the characteristics of effective teaching etc so as to inspire him for becoming successful teacher.

It studies the Growth and Development of the child how a child. How a child passes through the various stages of growth and what are the characteristics of each stage are included in the study of educational psychology. 

It studies Human Behaviour  in  educational situations. Psychology is the study of behaviour.,and  education deals with the modification of behaviour;hence, educational psychology pervades the whole field of education. 

To what extent Heredity and Environment contribute the growth of the individual, and how this knowledge can be made use of for bringing about the optimum development of the child; for a salient feature of the scope of educational psychology.

Educational psychology deals with the Nature and Development of the Personality of an individual. In fact, education has been defined as all- round development of the personality of an individual; personality development also implies as well a well adjust personality.

It studies Individual Difference. Every individual differs from every other individual. It is one of the fundamental facts of human nature which have been growth to light by educational psychology. This one fact has revolutionised the concept and process of education. 

It studies the nature of Intelligence and its Measurement. This is the utmost importance for a teacher.

It provides Guidance and Counselling. Education is nothing but providing guidance to the growing child.

Need or Importance of Contribution or Utility of Educational Psychology

Though the knowledge of educational psychology do not guarantee good teaching yet with

out it, teaching becomes simply a case of rules of thumb, routine habits and trial and error procedures, many of which would be detrimental to the child.  Its function is to promote greater understanding of the learning process of the learning situation and of the learner and will put the teacher in a better position to decide the line of action. The knowledge of educational psychology helps the teacher in the following ways :

To Understand the Stages of Development

Educational psychology has the teacher to understand that human life is divided into different stages of development and each stage has special needs, abilities and characteristics. On the basis of this, the teacher gains better inside into the behaviour of his pupil and change his behaviour and methodology of teaching according to the child requirement in the class.

To Understand the Learner and its Characteristics

The child or the learner is the key factor in the teaching–learning. Educational psychology helps the teacher to understand how children grow, develop learn and adjust; his/her interest, attitude and innate potentialities; and likes and dislikes, level of aspiration and desires, etc., so that perfect guidance and health can be provided and positive attitude towards the learner can be formed.

To Understand the Nature of Classroom Learning

The classroom is heterogeneous in nature. To deal with the groups effectively in the class the teacher must have the knowledge of the various approaches to the learning process, principles, laws and factors affecting it then only he/she can apply remedial measures in the learning situation.

To Understand the Individual Differences

It is a fact that no two individuals are alike so also no two students are equal in the class. Thus, psychology tells the teacher about the individual differences among the students in the class and the procedure, methodology and techniques to be adopted for them.

To Develop Necessary Skills and Interest in Teaching

Educational psychology helps the teacher to develop necessary qualities and skills to deal with the problems created by the pupils, maintain a healthy atmosphere in the class–room and shows concern regarding the progress of the child. 

To Understand the Influence of Heredity and Environment on Child

Educational psychology help the teacher to know that the child is a bi–product of both heredity and environment. They are the two sides of a coin. w

While child is born with a number of hereditary qualities, environment helps them to be modified according to the requirements of the society.

To Understand the Mental Health

Educational psychology helps the teacher to know what are the factors responsible for the mental ill–health and maladjustment of a student and suggest improvement  thereof . Besides this, also provides the teacher with necessary inside to improve his own mental status to cope up with the situation. 

To Understand the Group Behaviour

Human beings cannot live in isolation. He needs company. Similarly, we all of us are members of certain social group and depend upon others. In this situation, psychology tells a teacher how a group life modifies the individual and vice versa and provide information how to handle groups and modify their behaviour. 

To Understand the Procedure of Curriculum Construction

Curriculum is an integral part of the teaching–learning process. Curriculum should be child–centred and fulfill the motives and physiological needs of the individual because child capacities differ from stage to stage. Educational psychology helps the teacher to suggest ways and means to curriculum framer to prepare sound and balance curriculum for the children.

To provide Guidance and Counselling

Today guidance to our child at every stage of life is needed because psychological abilities, interest and learning styles differ from person to person. Similarly, what courses of study the child should under take in future it also a vital question. All these can be answered well if the teacher knows the psychology of children. 

To Understand the Principles of Evaluation

Evaluation is an integral part of the teaching–learning process how to test the potentialities of the child depends upon the evaluation techniques. The development of the different types of psychological test for the evaluation of the individual is a distinct contribution of educational psychology.

Educational Psychology Helps in Professional Growth, Changing Attitude and Innovative Thinking

Inside the classroom, educational psychology has enable the teacher to achieve proper conditioning of pupils by achieving and directing classroom programs on human lives. Not only this, educational psychologists are busy in finding out innovations in the field of education.

Conclusion :

Educational psychology is important because it trains us to watch for different learning situations, and how to adapt to those situations accordingly. By studying the ability, interest, intelligence and needs of students teachers and others to adapt material to improve the learning experience and process.